优质早籼稻品种的性状研究

Study on the Characteristics of Good-quality Early India Rice Varieties

以高产早籼稻品种龙特早为对照,研究2个常规优质早籼稻品种佳辐占、漳佳占的生物学特性、干物质积累与转运、产量及其构成因素。结果表明,2个优质早籼稻品种整个生育期的干物质积累量明显少于龙特早;虽然其每穗粒数均高于对照,但其穗数和库容量分别比龙特早少12.8%～13.6%和16.0%～18.0%,最终产量水平比龙特早低15.8%～16.5%,说明常规优质早籼稻品种单株有效穗数少和生物产量低是其产量比高产早籼稻品种低的主要原因。提出以选育单株有效穗数多和生物产量高的常规优质早籼稻品种来实现高产的育种策略。

The biological characteristics, accumulation and translation of dry matter, yield and its components of two conventional good-quality early indica rice varieties-Jiafuzhan and Zhangjiazhan were studied with high-yielding early indica rice Longtezao, as the control. The result showed that the two good-quality early indica rice varieties had less accumulation of dry matter in the whole duration than that of Longtezao; the grains per panicle of the two good-quality early indica rice varieties were more than that of Longtezao, but their panicles per plant, sink capacity and terminal yield were 12.8%-13.6%, 16.0%-18.0%, 15.8%-16.5% less than those of Longtezao, respectively. According to these, less panicles per plant and lower biological yield of the conventional good-quality early indica rice varieties were the key reasons why they had lower yield than high-yielding early indica rice variety. Additionally, it was pointed out that it would be easier to get higher yield good-quality early indica rice variety by selecting the characters of more panicles per plant and higher biological yield.