中国传统农业技术演化特征分析

Characteristics Analysis of Chinese Traditional Agricultural Technology Evolution

【研究目的】以往对传统农业技术的诸多研究,一般都侧重于对某一历史时期农业技术特点和技术方法的考察和分析,而疏于对其作为整个农业技术发展过程所凸显的阶段性特征及其起因的深入剖析。【方法】从技术哲学的视角认识和理解中国传统农业技术的演变规律。分析中国传统农业技术的主体要素(知识、经验、技能等)和客体要素(农具等)相结合的过程,进一步探讨中国传统农业技术演化的渐进累积、间断均衡和周期兴衰等特征;分析中国传统农业技术的自主演化规律,探寻传统农业技术自我发育的内在机制和根据;从社会建构论的角度,揭示历史条件和社会条件对中国传统农业技术演化的制约和影响。【结论】研究表明:中国传统农业技术的演变过程是一个不断累积、渐进发展的过程,同时又是不断调整、不断突破、不断完善的过程。这个过程既遵循技术的自主发展规律,又带有鲜明的社会建构多重性特点。

[OBJECTIVE]Many studies on agricultural technology emphasized characteristic and method of a certain historical period rather than phased research deeply on characteristic and cause of agricultural technology evolution showed in a whole historical phase.[METHOD]This paper studies Chinese traditional agricultural technology evolution characteristic from a point of view of technology and philosophy. This author systematically understands and analyzes the major subjective elements （knowledge, experiences and skills） and objective elements （farming tools etc.） of traditional agricultural technology, and also probe into the process of the combination between subjective and objective elements. The author also analyze the phased characteristics and its developing patterns of Chinese traditional agriculture based on technical evaluation as its autonomous growth, accumulated leaps and periodical rise and fall,and then to reveal the restriction and influence of social historical conditions on traditional agricultural technology evolution.[CONCLUSION]The results show that Chinese traditional agricultural technology evolution is a gradual process of accumulate and development and it is an adjusted, innovative and improved constantly process. The process follows technological independent development and contains obvious multiple characteristic in social construction.