道德发展的阶段性及道德冲突

On Developing Phases in Morality and Moral Conflicts

纵观伦理学史,对道德的研究始终未能超越自身的体系,未能从另一个学科角度进行探究。从政治哲学角度,以个体和群体的复杂互动关系为核心,可以对作为社会基础的道德问题进行新的解析。善作为道德的核心概念,是内化于个人自身的符合合群性要求、实践可使个人获取幸福的系列规则。而规则是变化的,据此可以将人类道德发展划分为三个阶段:封闭性道德阶段、多元化道德阶段和开放式道德阶段,三个阶段各有其政治学特征。还需要提出生命轮回的观念,希望扩大道德效用边界,消弭人类社会的道德危机和道德冲突,建立一个共同繁荣的和谐世界。

Viewing the history of ethnics, it can be seen that the study on ethics has never exceeded its own system which has not been attempted to explore from the angle of another realm of knowledge. From the angle of political philosophy, taking the complex interactive relationship between individuals and collectives as the kernel, a new analysis can be carried out on moral issues which are considered to be the basis of the society. The good as the kernel concept of morality internalized in individual conforming to the requirement and practice of the collectives is the series of rules for the individual to obtain happiness. However, the rules are in a change, the development of morality can then be divided into three phases： the closed moral phase, pluralistic moral phase and open moral phase, each of which has its political characteristics. To establish a mutually prosperous and harmonious world, the concept of life transmigration should be raised in the hope of expanding the boundary of moral avail and putting an end to the moral crisis and conflict in human society.