2008年初我国低温雨雪冰冻灾害的气候特征

Characters of Meteorological Disasters Caused by the Extreme Synoptic Process in Early 2008 over China

利用中国606个时间序列超过40a的气象台站逐日气温、降水和天气现象等资料,确定了定义低温、降雪、冰冻和多年一遇等指标的方法,对2008年初我国低温雨雪冰冻灾害的空间分布、持续时间、历史强度和灾害影响等进行了综合分析。结果表明:2008年1月中旬到2月上旬,我国长江中下游至江南地区发生了历史罕见的低温雨雪冰冻灾害,灾害发生区域的最大连续低温日数、最大连续降雪量和最大连续冰冻日数均为1951年以来历年冬季的最大值,综合各种指标统计其强度为百年一遇。此次灾害具有影响范围广、持续时间长、发生强度大等特点,对我国电力、交通、农业、林业、人民生活等方面产生了重大影响。

Quantitative indices were chosen to analyze the characters of meteorological disasters caused by the extreme synoptic process in early 2008 over China by virtue of the daily temperature, precipitation and weather phenomena dataset at 606 stations in China from 1 January of 1951 to 29 February of 2008. Unusually severe meteorological disasters, including low temperature, heavy snowfall and freezing, happened in the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River valley and the areas to the south of the Yangtze River from the middle of January to the first decade of February. In the disaster areas, the maximal persistent low temperature days, snowy days and the freezing days all broke the records since 1951, showing a centennial probability. Especially, board extents, the long persistence and severe damages characterized this synoptic process in early 2008 over China, resulting in heavy losses in many aspects of the social life of China, such as the electric power, the transportation, the agriculture, the forestry, the daily life of the people and so on.