1957-2005年河南省降水和温度极端事件变化

Changes in Extreme Temperature and Precipitation in Henan Province During 1957-2005

利用河南省1957—2005年逐日降水,最高、最低和日平均气温资料,分析了近50a河南省极端天气事件的变化趋势。结果表明:1957—2005年河南省暴雨日数、极端降水事件和严重干燥事件发生频率都在增加,但其线性趋势并不显著;暴雨和极端降水的变化趋势呈明显的南北差异;异常高温事件增加而异常低温事件减少,暖冬的趋势比较显著;高温日数和低温日数都显著减少,其变化趋势的空间分布具有很好的一致性。

Based on the daily mean temperature, daily maximum temperature, daily minimum temperature and daily precipitation data at 30 stations in Henan Province from 1957 to 2005, the spatial and temporal characteristics of changes in weather and climate extremes were studied. The main conclusions are summarized as follows： both the numbers of heavy rain days and the extreme intense precipitation events increased, and long dry spell events also increased, but their increasing tendencies were not distinct. There were obvious differences in trends of the extreme intense precipitation and the number of heavy rain days between the south and north parts of Henan Province. The extreme hot days increased, while the extreme cold days decreased, and the tendency of warm winter was remarkable. The days of maximum temperature ≥ 35 ℃ and the days of minimum temperatures ≤0 ℃ significantly decreased. There were very good consistency in the spatial distribution of the extreme temperature events.