沈阳市某地区个体制鞋作坊室内空气中的苯及其同系物的危害调查

Investigation of the Hazard of Benzene and Its homologues in the Air of Shoe-Making Workshops of Shenyang

目的研究苯及其同系物对制鞋人员健康的影响。方法对沈阳市某地区个体制鞋作坊进行现场调查,随机抽取3个制鞋作坊进行苯及其同系物的采样及检测。结果3家个体制鞋作坊苯的时间加权平均浓度分别为苯的职业接触限值——时间加权平均容许浓度(PC-TWA)6mg/m3的5.37、16.32、6.22倍。短时间接触浓度(STEL)分别为苯的短时间接触容许浓度(PC-STEL)10mg/m3的6.28、13.41、3.9倍。甲苯、二甲苯的浓度均低于相应的职业接触限值。结论认为制鞋过程中使用的胶粘剂中有机溶剂苯可能是该地区围生儿死亡及新生儿出生缺陷比例高于正常水平的危险因素。

[ Objective ] To explore the influence of benzene and its homologues on the health of the shoe - making workers. [ Methods ] Investigation was carried out in the shoe -making workshops of Shenyang, 3 of which were stochastically chosen for the detection of benzene and its homologues. [ Results] The time -weighted average concentrations of benzene in the three workshops were 5.37 times, 16. 32 times and 6. 22 times of that of the occupational exposure limit （6 mg/m^3） respectively; the short duration exposure concentrations in the three workshops were 6.28 times, 13.41 times and 3.9 times of that of the permitted concentration （ 10mg/m3 ） respectively; the concentration of toluene and dimethylbenzene were both lower than that of the occupational exposure limit. [ Conclusion] The organic solvent benzene in the adhesive used in the shoe-making process might be a risk factor for the high rate of perinatal death and the newborn disfigurement.