长期短时间低浓度接触滑石粉对作业工人肺部的影响

Influence of Long-Term Short-Period Exposure to Low-Concentration Talcum Powder on the Workers' Pulmonary Function

目的了解北京市公交车保养维护换胎工人的作业环境及粉尘作业对工人肺部健康的影响。方法对北京市3家大型公交保修厂的粉尘作业环境进行现场劳动卫生学调查,对换胎工人进行职业健康检查,检查项目包括询问职业史、摄高kV胸片、肺通气功能测定等。结果公交保修厂拆胎组和装胎组空气中粉尘浓度低于标准限值,装内胎组粉尘浓度大于TWA值,小于STEL值。56名换胎工人肺功能异常检出率占26%,X线胸片异常检出率占35.7%,其中可疑尘肺912人。结论应该加强对长期短时间低浓度接触滑石粉作业人员的职业防护,加强职业健康教育,以利于减少职业病的发生。

[ Objective ] To learn the influence of the working environment of the bus maintainers in Beijing and the dust exposure on the workers＇pulmonary health. [ Methods] Spot labor hygienic investigation was conducted on the dust exposure working environment in 3 bus garages in Beijing; occupational physical examination was carried out among the tyre-replacing workers, including the items like occupational history inquiry, high KY chest reentgenogram and pulmonary ventilation function detection. [ Results ] The dust concentrations in the tyre-removing group and the tyre-installing group were lower than the standard value; the dust concentration in the inner tyre-installing group was higher than the TWA value and lower than the STEL value; the detection rates of abnormal pulmonary function and chest roentgenogram were 26% and 35.7% respectively, among which 9 workers were suspected pneumoconiosis. [ Conclusion ] Occupational protection should be strengthened for the workers exposed to long-term short-period low-concentration talcum powder; occupational health education should be strengthened in order to reduce the incidence of occupational diseases.