职业性哮喘70例的职业特征

Occupational Characteristics of 70 Cases of Occupational Asthma

目的了解职业性哮喘病例的职业史特点。方法对诊断为职业性哮喘的70例患者的职业史进行调查、分析。结果患病平均年龄为40.37岁,平均工龄为11.03a,平均发病潜伏期为5.35a。发病工种以喷漆、塑料加工(发泡)为主,职业危害因素以油漆(异氰酸酯)为主,防护措施较差,同工种发病率较高。结论职业性哮喘发病年龄较早,防护措施较差,工龄、潜伏期较短,从事喷漆、塑料加工的工人发生职业性哮喘的概率较高,有针对性的预防及早期诊断、早期治疗是控制职业性哮喘发作的关键。

[ Objective ] To understand the vocational history characteristic of the occupational asthma patients. [ Methods ] Investigation and analysis were carried out on the vocational history of 70 occupational asthma patients. [ Results] The average incidence age, average working length and latent period were 40.37 years, 11.03 years and 5.35 years respectively ; the incidence work types were mainly painting and plastic processing; the predominant occupational hazardous factor was paint （ isocyanate ） ; the protective measures were poor and the morbidity rate was rather high in the same work type. [ Conclusion] Occupational asthma has the characteristics like early incidence age, poor protective measures and short working period and latent period; the morbidity is quite high in the work of painting and plastic processing; early diagnosis and treatment is the key of occupational asthma control.