轻度缺铁性贫血婴幼儿体格生长及智能行为发育研究

Mental and behavioral development of infants with mild iron deficiency anemia

目的:探讨轻度缺铁性贫血(MIDA)对婴幼儿体格生长和智能行为发育的影响。方法:对254例定期进行儿童保健的婴幼儿的生长发育进行纵向监测,定期对体重、身高、智力发育指数(MDl)、精神运动发育指数(PDl),以及行为发育进行测试。智能及行为测试采用Bayley婴幼儿发育量表。根据2岁时有无MIDA分为病例组(104例)和对照组(150例)。结果:病例组2岁体重、身高都较对照组低,体重差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),1～2岁男女婴幼儿体重年增长率都较对照组低(P<0.01,P<0.05)。2岁MIDA患儿MDI、PDI明显低于对照组,两组智能发育水平存在显著性差异(P<0.0001,P<0.01,P<0.05),且MIDA患儿血红蛋白水平与其MDI和PDI分值呈正相关(P<0.01)。MIDA患儿与背景资料相同的同龄儿相比,存在社交退缩、不快乐、注意力持续时间短、易疲劳、手指及手腕的精细运动协调性差等行为问题(P<0.05)。结论:MIDA对婴幼儿体格生长和智能行为发育均产生不良影响,积极防治缺铁性贫血对保证婴幼儿正常生长发育具有重要现实意义。

Objective： To investigate the effects of iron deficiency anemia （MIDA） on physical growth and mental development of infants. Methods： The growth and development of 254 children were longitudinally observed from 6 to 24 months. A series of indexes were periodically measured, including weight, height, MDI, PDI, and behavior problems. Intelligence evaluation was conducted with Bayley la- bel. The subjects were divided into MIDA group （ 104 cases） and normal control group （ 150 cases） . The statistical analyses were made by SPSS 14. 0 soft ware. Results： Weight and height of MIDA group were lower than those in control group at 2 years of age, but the weight （P 〈0. 05） was significant different. The rate of weight increase per year was higher in control group than that in MIDA group （P 〈0. 01, P 〈 0. 05） . Both MDI and PDI were lowor in MIDA group than those in control group at 2 years of age （P 〈0. 000 1, P 〈0. 01, P 〈0. 05）. In addition, there was a positive correlation between Hb levels and MDI or PDI scores （ P 〈 0. 01 ） . MIDA could cause the infants behavioral abnormalities, which included social withdrawal, fear, unhappiness, slort attention span and the delay of fine motor coordinatin （P 〈 0. 05） . Conclusion： MIDA has side effects on growrth and development of infants. Prevention and treatment of IDA are very important in order to assure the normal growth and development of IDA children.