从技术模仿到自主创新——后发国家的技术成长之路

From Duplication to Innovation:Technological Progress in Late Developing Countries

边干边学是后发国家技术进步的主要手段。从引进、消化到改进、创新,从模仿者到创新者,这是后发国家走向自主创新的必由之路。从掌握成熟技术生产能力,到产品设计能力,最终形成基础研发能力,这是后发国家技术进步的阶梯。在发展初期,后发国家的技术水平在一定程度上可以依靠外国直接投资来得到较快的提升,然而过渡到创新阶段,则只能依靠内资企业的努力。代工制造是当代后发国家技术学习的主要手段,也是其自主创新的基础。

Learning by doing is a main approach for late developing countries to develop their technologies.From duplicators to innovators,these countries usually experience an inevitable course from technological introduction,assimilation,and modification to technological innovation.It is a gradual technological progress for these countries to acquire the mature technology at first,and then to develop their own designing and finally the R&D capabilities.At the early stages,FDI may back up a rapid technological development in these late developing countries.But,only by depending on the indigenous enterprises can these latecomers become genuinely innovative.OEM and ODM still remain to be the main means of technological acquiring for today 's latecomers,and the road to independent innovation and OBM.