中国装备制造业自主创新的制约与突破——基于全球价值链的竞争视角分析

Restriction on and Breakthrough in Innovation of China's Machinery Industry:A Study Based on the Competition in GVCs

装备制造企业的自主创新是在特定竞争条件下的市场行为,受企业所在价值链和产业链的国际竞争影响。中国装备制造业较低的技术水平使其市场竞争能力弱而处于全球价值链的中低端位置。作为全球价值链主导者,跨国公司所形成的垂直竞争挤压了本土装备制造企业的利润空间,强化其技术上的跟随性;跨国公司通过其主导的全球生产网络加剧了本土装备制造企业与价值链同一环节的其他企业间的横向竞争,制约了本土装备制造企业自主创新的能力和动力。全球化竞争冲击了中国装备制造业整个封闭的产业链,造成来自产业链上游的高级生产要素和下游需求支撑的不足,约束了本土装备制造企业在全球价值链中的竞争实力的提升,进一步限制了其自主创新的空间。在激烈的国际竞争背景下,突破中国装备制造业自主创新制约的着力点在于通过企业自身力量和外部推力,打破市场竞争能力弱和自主创新能力差之间的恶性循环。

Innovation of machinery industry is a requirement of the competitive market economy.It is affected by the competition,on the international scale,in value chains and industry chains in which enterprises may find themselves.With poor technology,China's machinery industry is weak in market competition,which results in a lower position in global value chains(GVCs).As leaders of GVCs,multinational corporations bring vertical competition to minimize profit space for local machinery manufacturers,so that a technological catch-up is strengthened in these enterprises.Global production networks driven by multinational corporations whip and spur horizontal competition among local machinery producers in the same position of GVCs.This,in turn,slackens the capability and motivation of local machinery firms'technological innovation.Global competition strikes the closed Chinas machinery industry.As a result,the imbalance between upper end of the industry chain and its lower end restricts the competitive strengths of the local producers and the innovative ability as well.It is evident that stronger international competitiveness lies in breaking down the vicious circle of poor market competitiveness and lower innovation ability.