禽流感的传播与风险

The Spread and Risk of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza

高致病性禽流感病毒已经造成数百人感染、死亡。这种导致中国,亚洲其他国家以及欧洲、非洲国家的高致病性禽流感暴发依然对公众卫生,和家禽业构成威胁。虽然鸭、鹅及其他湿地鸟类被认为是禽流感病毒库,但是大部分病毒为低致病性。通过开展高致病性禽流感疫区的分子流行病调查,从野生鸟类分离到这种H5N1亚型的禽流感病毒,如从青海湖斑头雁、棕头鸥、渔鸥、鸬鹚,从河南的树麻雀等都分离到这种病毒。到目前为止,具统计有100多种鸟类分离到H5N1病毒,尽管如此,人们依然不知是否这种H5N1已经存在于健康的野生鸟类种群之中。为此,针对野生鸟类及其生态环境,尤其在曾经发生过的疫区,开展广泛的血清学与病毒学监测非常重要。另外,更应了解候鸟在这些地区的种群动态以及迁徙规律。

The highly pathogenic avian influenza （HPAI） H5N1 led to hundreds of human death. This HPAI AIV, which resulted in a windstorm of H5N1 outbreak in China, other Asian, European and African countries, has still been a serious threat to the public health and the poultry industry. Regarding to natural viral reservoirs, al- though ducks, geese and shorebirds are known to constitute the main ＂pool＂ of AIV, most of the identified subtypes are low patho- genic avian influenza （LPAI）. From an extensive molecular epide- miological surveillance around the H5N1 infected regions in the past several years, H5N1 viruses were isolated from the wild birds, eg. bar-headed goose, brown-headed gull, great black-headed gull and common cormorant from Qinghai province and tree sparrow from Henan province. As so far, HPAI H5N1 has been isolated from at least 100 wild bird species, and it still remains largely unknown whether this AIV subtype has already established in the wild bird populations. Therefore, carrying out intensive serological and virological surveys on wild birds and their habitats characterizing more viral i- solates from the infected areas are of great importance. Additional surveys, especially on migrating waterfowls are of necessity, along with careful population dynamic monitoring and tracking of their flying routes across some historic infected regions.