基于GIS的岷江上游乡村聚落空间聚集特征分析--以茂县为例

GIS-BASED SPATIAL ANALYSIS ON RURAL SETTLEMENT CENTRALIZATION IN THE UPPER MINJIANG RIVER BASIN——A CASE STUDY OF MAOXIAN COUNTY

将四川省茂县作为典型研究区,以其ETM影像及国家1:25万基础地理数据库为主要信息源,经图像识别与实地验证获得乡村聚落的空间信息,并运用GIS空间分析方法对岷江上游乡村聚落的空间聚集特征作了定量化分析。结果表明,研究区58.6%的乡村聚落在局部空间上相对集中,其余的则弥散分布;大部分聚落(约78.2%)分布在海拔1500～2700 m的中高山处,海拔1200～2200 m干旱河谷区聚集的聚落约55.2%,80%以上聚落的坡度大于15°;大多数聚落的水源和交通状况良好,水系和道路缓冲区较小半径内的聚落多沿道路聚集,而较远的则多沿水系聚集。分析还发现,少数乡村聚落的空间分布不宜于居民正常的生产生活,也不利于脆弱生态环境的保护,对此应进一步深入研究后探寻适当的对策对其进行重建或迁建。

In this article,taking Maoxian County in Sichuan Province as a case study area, the ETM image and the national geographical database of China （including contour line, river and road） at the scale of 1：250 000 as the major data sources,by judging from the image and investigation on the spot to obtain the spatial information of rural settlements,a quantitative analysis on the spatial centralization of rural settlements in the upper Minjiang River Basin was made based on the spatial analysis technique of GIS. It is found that 58.6% rural settlements in the study area relatively centralized in certain space while the others decentralized spatially. Most settlements （78.2%） located in the mountain area of 1 500-2 700 m altitude, and about 55.2% in the dry valley area of 1 200-2 200 m altitude. About 80% settlements had their slopes over 15°. Most settlements had favorable status of water resource and traffic,and gathered approximately along to the traffic network in the near space while to the river system in the far as to the separated buffer space of river and road network. It is concluded that few rural settlements in the study area were inadvisable for well-balanced human living and environment protection, against which reasonable countermeasures should be established by further study.