略论草原玉文化的发展与内涵

On the Development and Connotation of Grassland Jade Culture

北方游牧民族对玉有着极为深厚的情感,草原地区中的辽河流域被认为是中华玉文化的发祥地。草原游牧民族使用玉的历史至少有8000年。草原玉文化的内涵表现在以下几个方面:自然崇拜使玉可通灵,用于祭祀天地鬼神;巫崇拜使玉成为吉祥、平安的象征;图腾崇拜使玉成为勇敢、自由、力量的象征;中原儒文化的影响,使玉成为美德、才华、信义的象征。

The nomad nationalities in North China have extremely deep emotion to the jade, and Liaohe valley in the prairie areas is considered as the spawning ground of Chinese jade culture. The grassland nomads have at least 8000 years of using the jade. The connotations of grassland jade culture display in foliowing aspects ： the jade may be mediumship by nature worship and it is used to offer sacrifices to the universe and supernatural beings ; the witch worships make the jade the symbol of luck and safe ; through totemism the jade is considered as the symbol of braveness, freedom and strength; influenced by the Confucianism of central plains, the jade becomes a symbol of morality, talent and good faith.