论王阳明中后期的隐逸情结及其进退之道

Wang Yangming's Hermitage Fantasy in His Middle and Later Years and His Advance-Retreat Principle

王阳明在"阳明洞"隐居修炼后虽然表示要放弃遁世隐逸之念,"复思用世",但实际上并没有从此真正放弃。相反,王阳明一生始终有较为浓郁的出世归隐之愿,它不仅成为其一生中的经常性的生活实践之一,而且已被当作其一己生命的根本价值取向之一,已形成为一种终生具有的"隐逸情结"。阳明中后期之隐及其进退之道可谓具有超世而不离世、绝俗而不离情的特征,具有融合儒道的意蕴,体现了一种儒道互补的人生观,也更为典型地表现出了其内在性格中的出世—入世的既矛盾又互补的性格结构及其潜意识中介入与超然的矛盾张力。

After practicing seclusion in ＂Yangming Cave＂, Wang Yangming pledged to abandon the idea of hermitage life. Actually, he did not completely get rid of it. Throughout his whole life, he was always haunted by the wish of seclusion. It not only became his regular life practice but also was considered as one of his fundamental value orientation, which formed his mood of ＂ hermitage fantasy＂. Wang Yangming＇s hermitage and ＂advance and retreat＂ life style in his later years had the characteristic of ＂in it but over it＂ life attitude. It was the mixture of Confucianism and Taoism and had its implications. It implied the complementary life value of these two theories. What＇s more, it gave the idea of socialization from his own heart contrary but complementary character structure and contradiction of overriding tension of the subconsciousness.