从“虚幻的共同体”到“真实的共同体”:《德意志意识形态》的国家观

From "Imaginary Community" to "Real Community" :The State Idea in The German Ideology

在《德意志意识形态》中,马克思和恩格斯指出了国家是一种虚幻的共同体,是一种与人的力量相异化的力量。首先,他们指出以往国家理论的虚幻性,批判了黑格尔的国家理想主义,并揭示了鲍威尔和施蒂纳国家自由主义的本质。其次,他们揭示了现代资本主义国家的阶级本质,指出它是一种虚幻的共同体,是压抑个性发展的。第三,他们阐述了只有建立真实的共同体才能实现人的自由发展的思想。马克思和恩格斯始终把国家问题与人的全面自由发展联系起来,其国家观的实质是实现人的自由发展。认识马克思和恩格斯的国家观,有助于我们超越经济发展主义,增强贯彻落实以人为本的科学发展观的自觉性和主动性。

In The German Ideology, Marx and Engels propose that the state is an imaginary community, which is a force alienated from human beings. They begin with debunking the imaginary nature of precedent state theories. Hegel＇s state idealism is subject to a relentless critique and they in turn reveal the nature of Bauer and Stirner＇s state liberalism. Secondly, they lay bare the class nature of modern capitalist state, which is accused of being an imaginary community oppressing the development of individuality. Thirdly, they advocate a real community committed to human＇s being＇s free development. Within Marx and Engel＇s framework, the problem of the state has always been inextricable from individuals＇ free development, which is considered as the essence of their idea of the state. A comprehensive understanding of Marx and Engel＇s idea of the state can help us transcend the stage of pure economic development and consequently reinforces the self - consciousness and the spontaneity in exercising a ＂scientific outlook on development＂ centering on human.