“反求诸己”的现代哲学解读

Modern Phylosphical Analysis on Self-Cultivation

孟子之前,儒家哲学基本限于伦理的领域。而孟子才赋予了它以认识论、本体论的基础。这一理论的深化过程也集中反映在他的"反求诸己"的命题中。孟子的这一命题,刻画了由主体通过"反求"而沉入本体;同时又从本体之源获得力量,从而"扩而充之",立其大者,造成人的高博,最后实现修、齐、治、平的目的的深入而出的双向运动。在这一过程中,孟子的论证体现了本体论、认识论、伦理学的统一,为儒家文化乃至中国文化无宗教的特征奠立了坚实的哲学基础。这一命题以积极能动的天人关系的论述,为人本主义学说提供了本体层面的论证,为中国天人合一学说增添了进取有为的色彩。

Before Mencius, Confucious philosophy was limited in the field of ethic. It was Mencius who endowed it with the base of ontology and epistemology. The theory is distinctively reflected in his proposition of ＂self- cultivation＂. Mencius＇ proposition of ＂self- cultivation＂ illuminates that the subject transfers into ontology through selfcultivation and gains power from the origin of ontology. Then it gets enlarged and reaches the goal of Xiu, Qi, Zhi, Ping （cultivate individual moral character; rtm the family in unison; manage the nation in order; and peace will prevail throughout the universe）. During the process Mencius demonstrated the unification of ontology, epistemology and ethics. Thus a sound philosophical base is founded for Confucious culture, even for Chinese non - religious culture. This proposition provides ontological evidence for humanism by a description of active relationship between nature and human, thus promotes the theory of unity of nature and human.