水、火与徽州聚落

Water,fire and the settlement of Huizhou

徽州古村落,诞生在特定的自然、历史、人文背景下,有着强烈的个性和规律,吸引着各界学者从不同角度研究它的形态、生成以及影响因素。本文通过分析徽州建筑与水、火的密切关系,寻出徽州建筑和聚落发展形成的某些规律。水,是徽州聚落选址的重要依据,火,促成了传统的徽州马头墙式建筑的形成。可以说水,改变了徽州村落的结构。火,改变了徽州原有的建筑形式。水与火,成就了徽州聚落与建筑的新形态。

The water is one of human survival basic material;The water,hasbred the humanity,is the nature presents to the human survivalenvironment,it entrusts with the nature by bright and the harmoniouslife form.The water already turned the life symbol.Person and waterrelations since person and natural relations,also is extending whichbetween the person and the person relates.The fire in civilizedsociety＇s daily life is the essential basic important elements oflife,the human slash-and-burn cultivation,in order to hunt forattains more animals,the hunter frequently sets on fire burns theforest;In order to be engaged in the agricultural production,thefarmer must burn off vegetation on wastelands in order to cultivates;The people offer a sacrifice to the ancestor to offer sacrifice to theancestor,to make sacrifices to a god expel evil spirits,also all hasthe fire to accompany.The water,the fire and the person arecoexistent. Huizhou constructs and the settlement development does not leave theboiling water and the fire influence.The water,is the Huizhousettlement selected location important basis,the fire,hasfacilitated the traditional Huizhou wharf wall type constructionformation.May say the water,changed the Huizhou village structure.The fire,changed the Huizhou original construction form.Shui Yuhuo,achievement Huizhou settlement and building new shape.