沈从文故事中对农人目光的文本化(上)

Textual Farmers' Sight in Shen Congwen's Stories Pietro Giordan

沈从文笔下的乡下人总是用一种独特标准来观察和批判城市以及城里人。这是异乡情调一种典型形式,即"乡下人"对于城市所形成的印象。沈从文将城市读者的"他者"构成叙事话语,所表现出来的始终是一种社会学意义的距离,同时也是一种民族学意义上的,或者性别和世代上的区分。从这种观察中得到的乡村与城市之间的对立通过反语和讽刺反映出来。作者拒绝叙述者无所不知的权威,叙述者的声音始终是不张扬的,而且他的写作是以语言的克制为特征的。从这样的叙事实践中所得到的结果,正是话语与话语对象之间的一种距离,同样也是作家与他所创造的世界之间的协调一致。

Country fellows described by Shen Congwen always observe and criticize urban people with a unique criterion. This is a typical form of exoticism, i. e. the impression of country fellows on cities. The narrations of urban readers reveal a sociological distance, and it is also a distinction in terms of ethnology, sex, and generation. This observed conflict between the rural and urban is reflected by enantiosis and irony. The writer, whose tone is not publicized and whose language is characterized by self-restraint, refused the authority of the narrators. The result, coming from narrating practice, is a distance between discourse and its subiect, and is also a harmony between the world he created and him.