回到空间本身——论海德格尔的空间观念

Returning to Space Itself——On Heidegger's View of Space

在《存在与时间》中,海德格尔认为,世界的空间须由此在的空间性来说明,而此在的空间性源出于此在的时间性。时间性被看作是本真操心的意义并为空间性奠基,似乎空间、空间性不如时间、时间性那么"源始"。但海德格尔却同时又向我们指出,说空间性基于时间性或时间性较空间性具有优先地位,仅在对此在时间性结构的准备性分析工作中暂先有意义,以后仍要将两者的关系明确"平等化"。在《存在与时间》之后,空间问题逐渐从侧重于对此在日常生存论层面的空间性研究过渡到对空间存在本身的研究,这种过渡自然使得空间与时间在作为领会存在意义的视域这一层面上"对等"起来,在《时间与存在》中海德格尔甚至直接将这种视域称为"时间—空间",认为只有在这种源始的时间—空间的敞开状态中,物与此在本身的存在、"本有"才能得以显现。

In Being and Time, Heidegger holds that the space of the world must be explicated by the space of Dasein, and the space of Dasein originates from the temporality of Dasein. Temporality was considered as the sense of authentic care and a foundation of spatiality, and space and spatiality are less “original” than time and temporality. However, Heidegger, at the same time, also regards that to say temporality lays a foundation for spatiality or to say temporality is prior to spatiality is temporarily valid only in the preparatory analysis of Dasein＇ s structure of temporality, afterwards, the relationship between time and space will be equalized expressly. In Time and Being, Heidegger finished this task. He called the horizon, in which the sense of being was understood, with the name “time-space”, considering that only in the disclosed state of the original time-space, can the being of things, Dasein and“Ereignis” make their apoearance.