组织工程化同种异体骨移植修复骨缺损

Repair of Bone Defect by Tissue Engineering Allogeneic Bone Graft

目的解决骨缺损修复时自体骨移植存在修复材料来源有限,异体骨移植又为爬行替代,存在愈合慢、假关节率高的问题。方法以兔骨膜成骨细胞为种子细胞,经分离、体外培养、传代,再粘附于冷冻干燥表面脱钙同种异体骨,共同复合培养,制作兔胫骨缺损,分异体骨移植组(对照组)、组织工程化异体骨移植组,术后2、4、6周各处死2只兔子,大体观测骨痂大小及硬度;苏木精-伊红染色,光镜观察细胞在材料上的生长情况,了解其愈合快慢及质量。结果与对照组比较,实验组炎性明显较轻,细胞生长活跃,缺损愈合快。结论组织工程化同种异体骨移植能解决骨缺损修复时自体植骨材料来源有限,特别是在小儿及骨缺损大时修复材料的来源问题;同时,植入的异体骨又具有支架及自体成骨细胞活性,使植入的异体骨愈合加快,克服其愈合慢、假关节率高的问题。

Objective To solve the limited source of autogenous bone graft, and improve the healing rate, shorten the healing time of allogeneic bone graft in repair of bone defect. Methods Osteoplast of periosteum as seed cell was separated, cultured, generated, trans-mitted, and attached to allogeneic bone which had been frozen, dried and superficial calcipenia. They were cultured together. The defect of back tibia in rabbit was repaired. Repair only with allogeneic bone graft served as control group. The rabbits were sacrificed 2, 4 and 6 weeks after operation. The size and rigidity of osteotylus were observed macroscopically and with H-E dyeing the growth of seed cell and osteotylus were observed. Results Compared with control group, the experiment group showed gentle inflammation, active growth of cell and quick healing of bone defect. Conclusion Repair of bone defect by tissue engineering aUogeneic bone graft may solve the problem of limited donator in autogenous bone graft, especially in children and big defect. It can improve the healing rate, shorten healing time of allogeneic bone graft in repair of bone defect.