汉语阅读障碍儿童图画知觉过程的眼动实验研究

An Experiment Study on the Eye Movement of Reading Disorder Children during Apperceiving Pictures

目的探明汉语阅读障碍儿童图画知觉过程的眼动特征及其视觉认知加工特点,为其针对性的矫治方法的建立提供直接的依据。方法采用EyelinkIIHigh-SpeedEyeTracker眼动仪,分别记录汉语阅读障碍儿童(N=14)和对照组儿童(N=14)对三幅图画知觉过程的眼动数据,分析其关于注视和眼跳相应的9项眼动指标。结果主题突出型的图一的9项眼动指标,两组儿童间差异均无显著性(P>0.05);对主题一般型的图二的9项眼动指标,两组儿童间差异仍无显著性(P>0.05);图三为主题不突出型,结果眼跳指标中的平均眼跳幅度,阅读障碍组小于对照组(3.79±0.69/4.86±1.67,t=-2.29,P<0.05),其余8项指标,两组儿童差异无显著性(P>0.05);另外,两组儿童对三幅图画的细节记忆得分差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。结论图形记忆与加工能力的缺损不是汉语阅读障碍儿童的主要特征。但当图画背景复杂时,患儿的注意广度变小,注视效率降低。

Objective： To explore the eye-movement characters and the visual cognitive processing traits of Chinese children with reading disorder （RD） during apperceiving pictures. Methods： 14 children with reading disorder and 14 normal controls were collected. Their eye-movements during apperceiving pictures were recorded with Eye-link II High-Speed Tracker. Results： The only significant difference between the two groups existed in the score of average saccade amplitude for picture 3 （ RD children scored less 3. 79 ± 0. 69 / 4. 86 ± 1.67, t = - 2.29, P 〈 0. 05 ） , which was the one most obscure in subject among all 3 pictures. Except for this, the two groups were similar in the scores of subject comprehension and observation of the background detail to the three pictures （ P 〉 0. 05 ） . Conclusions： The remember and process capability to the pictures are not the main characters of the Chinese RD children. If the background of picture is complicated, the attention span of children suffered RD will be more limited, and their fixation efficiency will be depressed.