初中生亲子沟通特点及其与SCL-90的关系

Parent-child Communication and Psychosomatic Symptoms of Junior Middle School Students

目的探讨城市初中生亲子沟通的特点以及亲子沟通状况对初中生心理健康的影响。方法采用自编的亲子沟通问卷（得分越高表示沟通情况越差）和症状自评量表（SCL-90）,对346名初中生施测。结果初中生与父亲沟通的主动性、有效性、满意度、沟通频率以及沟通时父母的态度得分高于母亲（2.8±0.7/2.7±0.7,2.9±0.8/2.7±0.7,2.4±1.1/2.2±1.1,2.6±1.0/2.3±0.9,2.6±1.0/2.3±0.9,t=3.67~6.84,P〈0.01）;男生与父亲沟通的主动性、满意度与母亲沟通的满意度得分均低于女性（2.7±0.8/2.9±0.7,2.2±1.2/2.5±1.2,2.0±1.1/2.3±1.0,P〈0.05）亲子沟通问卷得分与SCL-90症状因子评分呈正相关（r=0.11~0.36,P〈0.05）。结论初中生的亲子沟通具对象性,与母亲的沟通好于与父亲的沟通;亲子沟通状况尤其是沟通时父母的态度性、控制性和亲子沟通频率与初中生心理健康密切关联;母亲的情感关注和积极交流对子女心理健康具保护作用。

objective： To explore the characteristic of parent -child communication and its relationship with psychosomatic symptoms of junior middle school students. Methods： 346 junior middle school students were collected. They were assessed with a self - designed Parent - Child Communication Scale （ higher score means poor communication ） and SCL -90. Results： The middle school students had poorer communication with their fathers than with mothers in activeness （ 2. 8 ± 0.7/2. 7 ± 0. 7 ） , effectiveness （ 2. 9 ±0. 8/2.7 ± 0. 7 ） , satisfaction （ 2.4 ± 1.1/2.2 ± 1.1 ） , frequency （ 2. 6 ± 1.0/2. 3 ± 0. 9 ） and attitude of communication （ 2. 6 ± 1.0/2. 3 ± 0. 9 ） （ t = 3.67 - 6. 84, P 〈 0. 01 ） . Boys＇ activeness and satisfaction in communication with father, their satisfaction in communication with mother were better than that of girls （2.7±0.8/2.9±0.7, 2.2±1.2/2.5±1.2, 2.0±1.1/2.3±1.0, P〈0.01） . Poorer communication correlated to more psychosomatic symptoms （ r = 0. 11- 0. 36, P 〈 0. 05 ） . Conclusion ： Middle school students had better communication with their mother. Poor communication is associated with more psychoso- matic symptoms.