汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童的阅读特点

The Reading Features of Chinese Children with Developmental Dyslexia

目的:探索汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童的阅读特点。方法:整群抽取武汉市3所小学3-5年级儿童820人,根据ICD-10诊断标准,采取分层检测的策略筛查出阅读障碍儿童55名。按1∶2配比选取年龄、性别、家庭经济状况相似的正常儿童110名进行配对研究,采用儿童汉语阅读障碍量表(Dyslexia Checklist for Chinese Children,DCCC)对汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童和正常儿童的阅读特点进行评估。结果:汉语发展性阅读障碍的筛出率为6.7%;阅读障碍组儿童DCCC8因子得分均高于正常对照组儿童(15.2±3.7/10.1±3.3、21.6±3.7/13.4±4.9、16.1±3.5/10.6±3.7、16.8±3.6/11.7±3.1、15.9±3.9/11.5±3.5、21.4±4.3/14.5±4.6、14.9±3.7/9.4±2.8、23.2±4.4/15.9±4.7,P均<0.001)。回归分析表明,各个因素的OR值均具有显著性意义(P均<0.001),但只有听知觉进入方程(OR=2.00);DCCC各项得分的性别间比较显示,正常儿童男生各因子分数均高于女生(P<0.05),而阅读障碍儿童仅口语能力得分男生低于女生(15.3±3.7/17.8±4.1,t=-2.057,P=0.045)(P<0.05)。DCCC各项得分的年级间比较显示,正常儿童各因子得分年级间差异均有显著性,而阅读障碍儿童的听知觉、意义理解、书写技能、阅读习惯因子得分年级间差异有显著性,三年级各项得分均为最高。结论:汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童在阅读中各个环节均受损害,但以听知觉损害为主。

Objective： To explore the reading feature of developmental dyslexia. Methods： 820 children of grade 3 - 5 in 5 primary schools in Wuhan City were selected by cluster sampling; fifty-five children with developmental dyslexia were screened out according to ICD - 10. One hundred and ten normal children with the same age, sex and socioeconomic status were chose as control. Results： The prevalence rate of developmental dyslexia is 6. 7%. The score of 8 items of DCCC （ Dyslexia Checklist for Chinese Children ） of developmental dyslexics were mostly significant- ly higher than that of normal children （ 15.2 ± 3.7/10. 1 ± 3.3, 21.6 ± 3. 7/13.4 ± 4.9, 16. 1 ± 3.5/10.6 ± 3. 7, 16.8 ±3.6/11.7 ±3.1, 15.9±3.9/11.5±3.5,21.4±4.3/14.5±4.6, 14.9 ±3.7/9.4 ±2.8, 23.2 ±4.4/15.9 ± 4. 7, all withP 〈 0. 001 ） . The conditional logistic analysis suggested that auditory perception can significant explain the developmental dyslexia （ OR =2.00, 95% CI 1.40 -2. 86, P 〈0. 001 ） . There were significant sex difference of the score of developmental dyslexia and control. In normal children, boys had higher score and subscores of DCCC than girls （ data ） ; but in dyslexic children, boys had lower subscore in oral ability than girls （ 15.3 ± 3.7/17. 8 ± 4. 1, t = -2.057, P = 0.045 ）, there was no significant difference between dyslexic boys and girls in other subsores. Conclusion： There are deficits in every side of reading in Chinese developmental dyslexics, and the main problem is auditory perception disorder.