我国铁路系统生产效率的实证研究——基于DEA模型的两阶段分析

Efficiency Analysis of the Regional Railway in China:Based on the Application of DEA-tobit Approach

以数据包络分析法为理论工具,从生产效率的视角对我国铁路经营效率进行总体评价与定量分析,并在第二阶段通过Tobit模型对铁路生产无效率的影响因素予以识别。研究发现:(1)我国铁路总体上生产效率较低,纯技术无效率是主要根源;(2)东部是铁路最发达的地区,规模无效率和纯技术无效率分别是东部和中西部地区无效率的根源;(3)铁路普遍存在投入拥挤和产出不足的现象,中西部地区程度远高于东部地区;(4)经济发达程度、人口总数、铁路经营管理水平、铁路路网密度和公路路网密度是影响铁路生产无效率的主要因素。

This paper evaluates the railway efficiency of every province in China by the DEA approach, and analyzes the factors influencing the railway＇s inefficiency with Tobit regression model. It finds that：（ 1 ）the railway system in China is still at a relative low level of overall technical efficiency, and pure technical inefficiency is the main cause of the railway inefficiency in China ; （2） the railway development in China is not in balance, the East- ern region has the most developed railway system, scale inefficiency and pure technical inefficiency are the main source of railway inefficiency in Eastern region and Western regional respectively; （3） the railway input congestion and output insufficiency are existing in all the regions of China, but the phenomena in the Central and Western region is much serious than the Eastern region ; （4） the regional economic development, the regional population, the operational level of railway, the density of railway and highway are the important factors evidently affecting the railway inefficiency in China.