六胡州建城环境与唐代沙漠化研究

Environmental Background of the Liuhu County and Its Signficance of Desertification

六胡州是唐代为安置突厥降户而在"灵、夏"南境设置的鲁、丽、含、塞、依、契六个羁縻州的总称。通过野外考察、文献记载、城址现存环境分析,城墙夯层物质粒度分析等几方面,本文详细剖析了六胡州建城时的环境背景,认为现在的毛乌素沙地在唐代已经存在大面积沙漠或者沙地,其南部也面临着严重的沙漠化问题,面积小于现在,但在湖滩地边缘,当时尚存在较大面积的季节性水草丰美之地。这对我们认识毛乌素沙地的沙漠化过程有重要意义,同时为恢复毛乌素沙地的生态系统提供了决策依据。

At the beginning of the Tang dynasty （679 AD）, Tang government had set six counties such as Luzhou, Lizhou, Hanzhou, Sezhou, Yizhou and Qizhou between Ling State and Xia State to locate the capitulants of Turki. Shortly, we call them together as Liuhuzhou. According to our study, the six counties should be Xingwuying Ancient city, Balangrniao Ancient city, Aolezhaoqi Ancient city, Wulandaobeng Ancient city, Chaganbalagasu Ancient city, Bayanhurihu Ancient city, respectively. Based on field work and city wall grain size analysis, this research explored the natural conditions of these cities when they were originally set. Then, combined with documentary evidence, the desertification process of the Tang dynasty was discussed. The results were： Desert, grassland, lake and sandy land coexisted in Mu Us sandy land and acreage of desert was smaller than today. People in Liuhuzhou lived at the edge of desert and where is sufficient grassland and water for their everyday life.