基于脱轨系数安全标准的铁路货物重心横向容许偏移量的研究

Study on Allowable Lateral Deviation of the Center of Gravity of Goods Based on Safety Criteria Regarding Derailment Coefficient

装车后货物重心在车辆上的位置是否合理直接影响到车辆运行稳定性。我国现行《铁路货物装载加固规则》规定货物重心偏离车辆纵中心线不得超过100 mm,系引用前苏联20世纪50年代标准,缺乏相应的依据。现从理论上研究满足脱轨系数要求的货物重心横向容许偏移量。根据车辆在运行中的受力分析,研究确定货物重心横向偏移量与脱轨系数之间的关系模型,考虑容易引起车辆脱轨的最不利条件分别设计了相应的装载工况和运行工况,依据模型确定各种装载工况和运行工况组合下的货物重心横向容许偏移量。

The position of the center of gravity of goods on wagon influence the running stability of trains directly. The allowable lateral deviation of the center of gravity of goods is 100 mm from the longitudinal center line of the wagon according to the Regulations on Loading and Securing of Railway Goods prevailing in China. It is quoted from the specifications of the former Soviet Union in the 1950s, which is lack of relevant foundation. The purpose of this paper is to study the allowable lateral deviation of the center of gravity of goods which should satisfy the requirements of the derailment coefficient. According to the force analysis of wagon in running conditions, this paper puts forward the model of the relationship between the lateral deviation of the center of gravity of goods and derailment coefficient. This paper designs the loading and running operations corresponding to the most unfavorable conditions liable to derailment and determines the allowable lateral deviation of the center of gravity of goods by the model.