虚拟应答器研究进展与发展展望

The Research Progress and Prospect of Virtural Balise

欧洲应答器(Eurobalise)是欧洲列车控制系统(ETCS/ERTMS)中广泛使用的列车定位设备。在使用时需要铺设大量的地面设备,需要昂贵的费用和较大的维护量。随着卫星定位导航(GNSS)技术的发展,定位精度越来越高;同时越来越多的卫星定位系统(GPS,GLONASS,GALILEO)可用,使得降低列车定位的成本成为可能。国际铁路联盟(UIC)提出采用卫星定位导航技术,辅以地图匹配技术实现虚拟应答器(virtual balise)。虚拟应答器可以部分甚至全部取代实物应答器,无需地面轨旁设备。本文就虚拟应答器的发展背景、功能要求、实现方式、应用方式以及目前发展的现状进行描述,并且建议在中国的列车控制中采用虚拟应答器,从而适应中国铁路快速发展的需要。

Eurobalises have been widely used as the train positioning device in ETCS/ERTMS. But their considerable expense and maintenance due to large amount of ground equipment are their disadvantages. Higher accuracy and more available GNSS systems （GPS, GLONASS and GALILEO） have made cost reduction possible. So the virtual balises based on GNSS and Map-matching technology have been promoted by UIC. Virtual balises can replace real balises partly or even totally. In this paper, the virtual Balise＇s basic structure, implementation and functions are introduced~ the general situation of development and prospect is analyzed. Finally, it is suggested that the China Train Control System should adopt virtual balise technology.