三峡库区农户经营规模与农业面源污染的关系研究

Study on the Relationship Between Farm Household Management Scale and Nonpoint Source Pollution of Agriculture in Three Gorges Reservoir Area

通过抽样调查研究了三峡库区农户的粮食、蔬菜经营规模与农业面源污染的关系，研究结果表明：农业面源污染负荷总体上随农户经营粮食、蔬菜规模的扩大而变小，二者呈显著的负相关关系；粮食生产规模在0．2～0．33hm^2、蔬菜生产规模在0．12—0．19hm^2时，农业面源污染负荷随经营规模的扩大不是减小而是变大，污染负荷系数曲线在该范围内出现一个波峰，主要原因为该经营规模内农户投入的化肥、农药相对较大而田间管理不足。因此，适度的经营规模可以通过提高农户精心经营的程度促进化肥、农药等相对合理的施用以及农户对农田的管理效应，进而减少农业面源污染负荷。

The paper researched the relationship between the management scale of farmer＇s foodstuff and vegetable and nonpoint source pollution of agriculture in the Three Gorges Reservoir area through spot checking. The results showed that：There was a pronounced negative correlation between the loan of agricultural nonpoint pollution and the farm household management pattern, The loan of agricultural nonpoint pollution usually increases with the management scale of farm household＇s foodstuff and vegetable decreasing. When the foodstuff and vegetable of production scale varies among 0.2 - 0.33 hm^2 and 0.12 - 0. 19 hm^2 respectively,the loan of agriculture nonpoint pollution increases with the management scale enlarging, and the coefficient curve of pollution loan has a wave crest in the scope. The main causes include more input of fertilizer and pesticide in the production scale and the lack of the farm management. The moderate management scale decreases the input of fertilizer and pesticide and improves the effect of the farm management by developing the level of farmer＇s management in order to decrease the loan of agricultural nonpoint pollution.