三江平原井灌水稻井水增温技术试验研究

An Experimental Study on Increasing Irrigation-water Temperature of Well Irrigation Rice in Sanjiang Plain

针对三江平原地区井灌水稻冷水害问题,通过试验重点研究了晒水池、渠道增温,快灌、少灌等增温技术。结果表明,通过晒水池、渠道晒水增温,使4～5℃的井水升温至13～15℃,基本达到水稻生长对灌溉水温的最低要求,保证了井灌水稻的单产、米质不低,效益不降。建立了晒水池、渠道水温与其流程(L)、流速(V)、气温(T)间的经验公式,得出气温越高,流程越长,水温越高;流速越快,晒水时间短,水温越低。通过实验证明又快又少的灌水方法增温效果明显,经过2h的晒水,池内平均水温可以达到20℃以上,平均每小时增温7～8℃,对水稻的产量影响较小,有效的克服了水口处贪青晚熟的现象,节省土地和资金,不但可以减轻池、渠增温的负担,甚至可以代替池、渠增温。

In order to defend cold water harm of well irrigation rice in Sanjiang Plain, the sunning water pool, channel, quick irrigation and a small amount of water irrigation were studied. The results show that the temperature of irrigation-water increases to 13- 15 ℃, water temperature basically satisfies with the lowest limit of water temperature for rice growing, assure the yield and quality and price of rice not to decrease. Empirical formulas were created between the water temperature and the air temperature, water velocity and water flow. Results prove that the higher air temperature and longer water flow, the higher water temperature. Or the faster water velocity, the sooner time for sunning water, the lower water temperature. Quick irrigation and a small amount of water irrigation have great effect on increasing water temperature, and have no effect on the yield, prevent rice at water entrance from growing lowly and ripening lately, and save land and funds. Through sunning water for two hours, average water temperature becomes to be more than 20 ℃, average an hour increases temperature 7-8 ℃. New irrigation method not only can relieve the burden of sunning water pool and channel increasing temperature, but replace them.