科学革命的本质:科恩与库恩的比较

The Essence of Scientific Revolution:Comparison between Cohen and Kuhn

库恩与科恩都分析了科学中的革命的重要地位和作用,肯定了科学革命存在的必要性和必然性。但是,两人在对科学革命本质的理解上又有着明显的区别:库恩着重剖析了科学革命的结构,将科学革命的发生归缘于科学中的危机,并以范式是否转换来判别科学革命是否发生;科恩则从历史的角度考察科学革命,认为引发科学革命的因素是多样的,而对科学革命的检验必须以历史证据为依据,并因此提出了四项检验标准。库恩和科恩的科学革命观有助于我们理解科学革命的本质,对反思科学探索活动也有较大的启示。

Kuhn and Cohen both analyzed the important position and function of the revolution in science, affirming the necessity and the inevitability of scientific revolution existence . But there is a significant difference in the views of them on scientific revolution： Kuhn emphasized to analyze the structure of scientific revolution, attributing the occurrence of scientific revolution to the crisis in science, and with the transformation of paradigms to distinguish whether the scientific revolution took place or not ; Having investigated the scientific revolution from the perspective of history then, Cohen thought the factor that caused the scientific revolution was diverse, hut the historical evidence had to he taken as the basis for the examination of scientific revolution, and therefore he put forward four test standards. The views of Cohen and Kuhn on scientific revolution contribute to our comprehending the essence of scientific revolution , and have a greater apocalypse towards the reflection of scientific exploring activities also.