默顿科学规范再认识

The Reunderstanding of Merton Norms

默顿科学规范的提出有其必然性:阐明科学与社会关系的需要;由纳粹主义所引发的政治论战的一部分;功能主义理论的内在逻辑发展。默顿所提出的四条规范旨在从不同的侧面堵塞个人的主观因素和社会因素污染科学知识内容的渠道;它基本上表达了科学精神的核心内容。默顿科学规范尽管有一定的理想色彩,但它是有一定根据的"应然"。在科学实践中,它是引导科学家不断实现自我超越的一种目标和理想,值得科学家坚持不懈地去追求。

The historical and academic background of the formation of Merton norms majorly includes the following aspects： the need to elucidate the relation between science and society; one part of the political argument arisen by Nazism; the internally logical development of functionalism theory. The aim of Merton norms is to block ways by which personal and social factors might pollute scientific knowledge. Merton norms embody the core of science spirit. Although to some extent Merton nomrs is ileal, it tells scientists ＂ought to be＂ and it has its reasonable factors. Merton norms guide scientists to transcend themselves in order to gain their aims and ideals, so it is worthy of persuing for the scientists.