小麦-黑麦易位系的诱发与鉴定

INDUCTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF WHEAT-RYE CHROMOSOME TRANSLOCATIONS

染色体易位可以人工诱发来产生,利用Ph基因突变体、5B缺体、远缘杂交和远缘杂交与辐射相结合的方法都可以获得染色体易位.其发生频率与亲本类型、杂交组合、辐射剂量的大小有关.对小麦与黑麦杂交后代的花粉母细胞进行Giemsa-C带分析,证实在杂种中黑麦染色体与小麦染色体有同祖配对和黑麦染色体的组内配对现象.利用C-带技术对十二个初步稳定的小麦-黑麦易位品系进行鉴定,其中四个品系为6RS/5RL易位;五个品位为1RS/7BL易位;对于无明显黑麦染色体端带的三个品系根据性状表现,推测为5RL易位或含有5RL片段的易位.实验结果表明用C-带技术鉴定小麦-黑麦的染色体易位是可行的.

<ABSTRACT>Chromosome translocations are produced by using Ph mutants and N5BT5D plants as parents and combinative distant hybridization with ionizing. The different frequencies of translocation are related to the kinds of parents, the types of combination, the stages of treated plants, and the dosages of using irradiation.We proved the fact of homologues chromosomes pairing between wheat and rye in hybrid progenies through using Giemsa C-banding technique.Twelve wheat-rye translocation lines were identified by using Giemsa C-banding. The result have shown that there are 3 types of translocation lines in them: the first is 1RS/7BL, the second is 6RS/6AL, the third maybeis the translocation involved 5RS or a segment of 5RR.It is reliable that using Giemsa C-banding technique to identify chromosome translocation between wheat and rye.