中国高考制度改革的社会学视角

Socialogy perspective of reform of national college entrance examination system

中国现行统一高考制度不利于个体社会化,不利于高等教育的发展,不利于社会良性流动,不利于社会文化的多元传承,西方自主招生模式也将遭遇国情困局。高考制度设计应以人为出发点,为人的全面发展服务。高考是为高等教育服务的,是为高等专业教育选拔有专业培养潜质的人才。现行高考制度忽略专业潜质的因素,过分强调公共课考试,不利于真正有专业潜质人才的选拔。笔者构想:实行"分专业高考制度",在完善高中毕业会考制度的基础上,将高考的公共科目取消,实行分专业出题考试,能够满足绝大多数学生的专业兴趣发展,能够使绝大多数学生的专业潜质得以释放。

The higher education is a professional education, The entrance examination is to serve for the higher education, is designed to select the talent who deserve for developing. The current entrance examination neglects the professional quality that the system should comply with, overemphasizes the public-lesson examination and so it has disadvantage to select those who have the real professional quality. The independence of the western-type enrollment system will not fit in China in national conditions. The author speculate that, ＂seperating test in specialized subject＂ should be experimented. Public subject examination should be replaced by the specialized exam which can satisfy the professional interest development of each student, enables each student im- plement their ability, will promote the professional educational development of higher education in China necessarily.