近代中国武术文化变迁的文化人类学审视——从文化适应到文化自觉

An Anthropological Retrospection and Reflection on the Evolution of Modern Chinese Wushu Culture——From Cultural Adaptation to Cultural Consciousness

从人类学的文化适应和文化自觉理论出发,分析了武术文化在近代发展过程中的变迁现象及成因。指出:中国武术文化变迁的深层根源是民族主义与现代化的双向诉求,其直接动力来自于东西方文化的冲突。武术文化的东方品性与奥林匹克运动对体育的竞技规整之间的矛盾是促使中国武术文化发生变迁的主要矛盾。武术文化在适应性变迁的过程中也带来了一些问题,付出了自身的代价。在武术文化发生变迁的同时,向武术传统认同的机制正在形成,这不仅是一种解构西方体育霸权叙事的文化策略,亦是中国武术寻找现时定位和未来发展的依据。现阶段必须一如既往地发展竞技武术,但也要更加注重对传统武术的认同和理性回归,同时注重与大众传播媒介的合作。

In this article, the thesis writer discusses the phenomenon and cause for the evolution of Wushu Culture in the course of its modern development and reaches the following conclusion ： the root cause for the evolution of Chinese Wushu culture lies in the dual demand of nationalism and modernization, while the direct cause comes from the conflict between the eastern and western culture. The contradiction between the oriental quality of Wushu Culture and the Olym- pic demand on sports competition is the major cause for the evolution of Chinese Wushu culture. The Wushu culture brings up problems of one kind or another in the course of its adaptation evolution. Amid the evolution of Wushu culture, the mechanism to recognize Wushu tradition is on the way of its formation, which is not only the cultural strategy to deconstruct the monopolizing narrative of western sports but also the basis for Chinese Wushu to search for present positioning and future development. At the present stage, competitive Wushu should be consistently developed, but recognition of and rational return to traditional Wushu should be further emphasized and meanwhile the cooperation between traditional Wushu and mass media should be highlighted.