圈养大熊猫母乳营养成分及其变化规律

Nutrient Composition and Changes in the Milk of Captive Giant Pandas

收集并分析了5只大熊猫产后d1－180的94个母乳样品的干物质（DM），粗蛋白（CP），乳糖（Lae），乙醚浸出物（EE），粗灰分（CA），17种氨基酸（AA）和14种矿物元素的含量，结果表明，大熊猫母乳中DM、CP和EE分别为13．66％－34．97％，6．29％－7．92％和4．92％－14．09％，而且都随泌乳日期的延长而升高，Lae的含量为1．2％－0．3875％，且随泌乳日期的延长而降低，CA的含量在1％左右（平均为1．04％），根据乳汁中CP、Lae、无氮浸出物和EE的含量，计算出母乳中总能的含量为3．56—10．19kJ／kg，绝大多数AA含量随大熊猫母兽泌乳日期的延长而升高，而矿物元素的含量没有明显的变化趋势，结果显示，大熊猫母乳中的营养成分含量在产后的不同阶段有显著差异（P〈0．01），而且其含量和变化趋势与常见动物乳及人乳有不同程度的差异。

Natural milk is a main and very important food source for baby giant pandas （Ailuropoda melanoleuca）. Therefore, it is very important to understand what nutrients are in the milk and how they change with time course for nurturing baby pandas, and to study their nutrient requirements. The aim of this study was to analyze the concentrations of nutrients and their changing trends in panda milk. Ninety-four milk samples were collected from 5 female giant pandas during the first 180 days after parturition. The contents of dry matter （ DM）, crude protein （ CP）, lactose （ Lac）, ether extract （ EE）, crude ash （CA）, 17 amino acids（AA） and 14 minerals were determined. The results showed that the contents of DM, CP and EE in panda milk were 13.66% -34. 97%, 6. 29% -7.92% and4. 92% - 14. 09%, respectively, and increased with the time course after delivery. The Lac content ranged from 1.2% to 0. 3875% and decreased with the time course after delivery. The content of CA varied around 1% （averaged at 1.04% ）. Based on the contents of CP, Lac, nitrogen free extract （NFE） and EE, the gross energy was calculated ranging from 3. 56 kJ/kg to 10. 19 kJ/kg. Most of the AA contents rose with the time course after delivery, while mineral contents varied within those days. The results demonstrate that the nutrient contents of milk samples are significantly different in different periods （P 〈0. 01 ）, and also differ from the milk of humans and other animals. Tab 7, Ref 16