石油烃厌氧生物降解研究进展

Advances in Anaerobic Biodegradation of Hydrocarbon

烃是由碳和氢两种元素组成的稳定化合物,长期以来人们普遍认为烃的生物降解只能在好氧条件下进行.近年来国外的研究表明,厌氧微生物能以硝酸盐、硫酸盐、三价铁或二氧化碳等为电子受体代谢烃,烃厌氧代谢的初始反应机理主要有延胡索酸盐结合反应、羧化反应、羟基化反应和甲基化反应,但国内还未见相关报道.本文综述了烃厌氧降解微生物及其代谢机理,并以甲苯为例概述了烃厌氧生物降解过程中的起始反应酶和作用机制.结合国外烃厌氧降解的研究进展和本实验室的工作,作者也提出了自己的思考和看法.

Hydrocarbon is a stable compound and only consists of two elements, carbon and hydrogen. It has long been thought that hydrocarbon can be only degraded by the aerobic microbes. However, the recent studies indicate that a variety of anaerobic microbes are capable to degrade hydrocarbon with sulfate, nitrate, iron（Ⅲ） or carbon dioxide as the sole electron acceptois. The mechanisms of initial anaerobic reaction of hydrocarbon biodegradation involve the fumarate addition reaction, carboxylation, hydroxylation and biomethylation. This paper mainly reviews the hydrocarbon-degrading anaerobic microbes and initial reaction mechanism of anaerobic hydrocarbon metabolism, and takes toluene as an example to explain the enzymes in- volved in the reactions of anaerobic biodegradation of hydrocarbon. Moreover, the authors＇ suggestions and opinions towards this filed are provided in this paper. Fig 5, Tab 2, Ref 61