施氮量和玉米-花生间作模式对氮磷吸收与利用的影响

Effect of Nitrogen Application and Planting Pattern on N and P Absorption and Use in Maize-Peanut Intercropping System

2004—2005年在山东泰安研究了施氮量与种植方式对玉米和花生产量、生物量、氮磷吸收与利用以及蛋白质产量的影响。结果表明,与单作相比,玉米-花生间作显著提高了玉米产量和氮、磷吸收量,但降低了花生产量和氮吸收量。2行玉米4行花生间作模式(2∶4间作模式)的产量、生物量、蛋白质产量、氮磷吸收量以及氮磷吸收利用效率均高于2行玉米8行花生间作模式(2∶8间作模式);2∶4间作模式的氮、磷吸收效率均显著高于单作模式,土地当量比(LER)和蛋白质土地当量比(PLER)均大于1,土地利用率提高8%～17%,间作优势明显。与不施氮处理相比,施氮处理显著提高间作玉米产量,间作花生增产不显著,促进玉米-花生间作体系氮、磷积累,提高了氮、磷吸收总量及磷吸收利用效率,从而显著提高了间作体系的产量和蛋白质产量,间作优势却随施氮量的增加而降低。

A field experiment was carded out for revealing the effects of nitrogen application and planting pattern on yield, biomass, N and P absorption, protein yield of maize （Zea mays L.）-peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.） intercrnpping system in 2004 and 2005. The results showed that the yield, N and P absorption of intercropping maize increased significantly, however, the yield and N absorption of intereropping peanut was reduced in the intercropping system, compared with monocropping maize or peanut respectively. The 2-row maize and 4-row peanut pattern （2：4 pattern） showed higher （P〈0.01） values than the 2-row maize and 8-row peanut pattern （2：8 pattern） in yield, biomass, protein yield, N and P fertilizer absorption efficiencies, N and P use efficiencies of intercropping system, and higher （P〈0.01） values than the two monocropping systems in N and P absorption efficiencies. Both the land equivalent ratio for yield （LER） and land equivalent ratio for protein yield （PLER） in 2：4 pattern were above 1, and the land use ratio enhanced by 8%-17%, implying obvious intercropping dominance. Compared with zero N application, nitrogen fertilizer increased yield and protein yield of maize and peanut in the intercropping system by promoting the accumulation and absorption of N and P, enhancing P use efficiency, but the intercropping dominance was weakened with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer.