中国航天员选拔训练回顾与展望

Review and Outlook of China’s Astronaut Selection and Training

航天员选拔与训练是载人航天工程不可或缺的重要组成部分,是确保飞行任务的圆满完成和飞行安全的一个至关重要的环节,在各国载人航天计划中一直受到高度重视。载人航天实践的经验表明,能否选拔训练出合格的航天员将直接影响到载人航天计划的顺利实施和飞行任务的成败。本文阐述了航天员选拔训练在载人航天工程中的地位和作用,回顾总结了我国航天员选拔与训练的发展历程以及发展各阶段在选拔训练体系的创建、首批航天员的选拔训练、两次载人飞行任务飞行乘组的选拔训练方面开展的工作及取得的成果;并根据我国载人航天工程后续任务的规划及选拔训练的发展趋势,明确提出了我国航天员选拔与训练体系未来建设的目标、发展方向与研究的重点。

The selection and training of astronauts are an indispensable part of manned spaceflight project. It is the most important chain for the astronauts＇ safety and accomplishment of space flight, and so every spaceflight project attaches great importance to it all along. The experience of manned space flight indicates that the astronauts＇ selection and training will influence the whole space flight project directly. This paper discussed the status and function of China astronaut selection and training, reviewed its founding process and the practice of the first group astronaut and two flight crew selection and training, summarized its production ,experience and specialty. The development direction and research content of astronaut selection and training in the future are also proposed directly.