浅析西方文化哲学的四次转向

On the Four Turns in Western Cultural Philosophy

通过对西方(人类)文化哲学史的考察,可以发现西方哲学中有几次"转向"对人类文化哲学的建立具有重大的意义。这几次哲学"转向"逐渐废除了认识论作为第一哲学的特权,最终使得系统的现代文化哲学得以建立起来。具体而言,维柯、赫尔德、卢梭等人分别提出了哲学的"语义学转向"、"语言学转向"和"民族学转向",试图在现代哲学思想的语境下构建文化哲学,而卡西尔则在整合前人思想的基础上提出了"符号学转向",把符号思维确立为哲学的新原则,由此建立了真正意义上的人类文化哲学。

This paper identifies four significant turns in the history of western human cultural philosophy, which are of great significance in that they gradually annulled the special status of epistemology as the first philosophy and brought into reality a systematic cultural philosophy. To be specific, by respectively putting forward ＂semasiological turn,＂ ＂linguistic turn＂ and ＂ethnological turn＂ in philosophy, Vico, Herder and Rousseau tried to construct a cultural philosophy in modern philosophical context. Afterwards, Cassirer integrated the previous ＂turns＂ with his semiotic turn and successfully established symbolic thinking as the new principle of philosophy. A modern cultural philosophy was thus established.