“语言相对论”思想的发展轨迹

Development Track of Linguistic Relativity

语言相对论是关于语言、文化、思维彼此关系的一个极其重要的理论。其思想发展的里程碑大致是:巴门尼德、罗杰.培根、维柯、海曼、赫伯、赫尔德、洪堡特、魏斯格贝尔、鲍阿斯、萨丕尔、沃尔夫。洪堡特是较为系统、较为明确的语言相对论思想的第一个阐述者。萨丕尔和沃尔夫是语言相对论思想的集大成者。萨丕尔和沃尔夫假说的哲学基础是经验主义,理论背景是结构主义;它已经成为当代一些新兴学科的理论先导。

Linguistic relativity is an extremely important theory concerning the relations between language, culture and thought. The milestones in its development are generally represented by the following scholars as. Parmenides, R · Bacon, G · Vivo, A · Hyman, Herbert, G · Herder, W · Humboldt, L · Weisgerber, F · Boas, E · Sapir, B · Whorl. Among them, Humboldt first expounds the language relativity more systematically and explicitly; meanwhile, Sapir and Whorl are the most important scholars for its development and formation. The philosophical basis of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis is empirical and the theoretical background is structuralism. It has now become the theoretical guide for some contemporary emerging subjects.