标准化变应原皮肤点刺试验及免疫治疗在变应性疾病中的临床应用

Clinical observation of the skin insertion tests and immunotherapy with standardization allergen in the allergic diseases

目的探讨标准化变应原皮肤点刺试验及免疫治疗在变应性疾病中的临床应用。方法对1836例拟诊变态反应性疾病患者用30种阿罗格变应原进行皮肤点刺试验，以生理盐水为阴性对照，组胺为阳性对照。对466例变应性鼻炎患者，应用屋尘螨、粉尘螨及混合螨变应原进行特异性免疫治疗，追踪观察疗效，对相关资料进行统计分析。结果1836例拟诊变应性疾病患者中，1322例阳性（72．0％），其中屋尘螨、粉尘螨的阳性率最高，分别为56．4％和53．2％；标准化变应原免疫治疗持续性变应性鼻炎有效率为86．9％（405／466），无明显不良反应。结论阿罗格变应原皮肤点剌试验安全、敏感、准确，为变应性疾病的诊治提供重要依据；标准化变应原免疫治疗能有效缓解或减轻变应性鼻炎患者的症状，且疗效高、操作简便、不良反应少。

Objective To observe the clinical application of the standardized skin insertion test and immunotherapy in allergic disease. Methods Thirty different allergens produced by Germany Allergophama Company were applied in skin insertion test. The test using normal saline was set up as a negative control group, with a positive control group using Histamine. Meanwhile 466 allergic rhinitis patients were treated by specific immunotherapy （SIT） with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae. Results Among 1836 cases, 1322 （72. 0%） had positive results. Among them, the Dermatophagoldes pteronysslnus and Dermatophagoides farinae showed the highest positive rates （56.4% , 53.2% ）. The effective rate of standardized allergen immunotherapy for treating persistent allergic rhinitis was 86. 9% （405/466）, with no complication observed. Conclusion Allergen skin insertion tests appears accurate, sensitive and safe, which is valuable for diagnosis and therapy of allergic diseases. The standardized allergen immunotherapy can effectively and safely relieve symptoms of allergic rhinitis patients.