野生和养殖矛尾复虾虎鱼营养组成和形态学的比较研究

Comparison on nutrient composition and morphology between wild and cultured Synechogobius hasta

在野外自然海区取100尾矛尾复虾虎鱼(Synechogobius hasta),挑选体重一致、健康无病的虾虎鱼做实验鱼,随机分为3组,每组20尾,投放到3个室内流水玻璃纤维钢水族箱中,以冻虾喂养30 d后称重、取样。在捕获野生虾虎鱼同一水域取同样规格的矛尾复虾虎鱼24尾,进行同样的称重、取样和分析,比较研究野生虾虎鱼和养殖虾虎鱼体组成及形态学的异同。结果表明:野生组全鱼的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量显著高于养殖组(P<0.05),而肌肉中的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。养殖组与野生组矛尾复虾虎鱼在肥满度(CF)、脏体比(VSI)和肝体比(HSI)存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。野生组全鱼总的必需氨基酸含量及必需氨基酸与总氨基酸含量的百分比例显著高于养殖组(P<0.05)。肝脏脂肪酸组成方面,野生虾虎鱼的C18:2n-6和C18:3n-3脂肪酸含量显著高于养殖虾虎鱼(P<0.05),而养殖虾虎鱼的C22:6n-3(DHA)比例显著高于野生虾虎鱼(P<0.05)。野生和养殖组C20:5n-3(EPA)含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。

The present experiment was conducted to determine the differences of nutrient composition and morphology between wild and cultured Synechogobius hasta. S. hasta were cultured in indoor flow-through fiberglass tanks and fed with iced shrimp to apparent satiation twice daily for 30 days. Wild S. hasta, coming from the same ocean zone as the cultured ones, were caught with nets. The crude protein and lipid contents, total essential amino acids（EAA） and the ratio of total EAA to total AA in whole body of wild S. hasta were significantly higher than those of cultured S. hasta （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Significant differences were also observed in condition factor（CF）, viscerosomatic index（VSI） and hepatosomatic index（HSI） between wild and cultured groups（P 〈0.05 ）. C18：2n-6 and C18：3n-3 fatty acids contents were observed to be higher in wild S. hasta than in cultured one （P 〈 0.05 ）. However, cultured S. hasta possessed higher C22：6n-3 fatty acid content than wild ones （P 〈 0. 05 ）, and EPA content showed no significant differences between the treatments （P 〉0.05）.