生物冶金中混合菌的作用

Role of Bacterial Mixture in Biohydrometallurgy

生物冶金环境中的微生物是多样的,至今已经报道有13个属的细菌能够氧化浸出金属硫化物。细菌浸出金属硫化物有间接浸出、接触浸出和协作浸出3种作用机制,其中间接浸出又有硫代硫酸盐和多硫化物2种作用途径。在生物冶金过程中使用混合菌较使用单一菌有很多优势,但使用混合菌也有一些不利因素。混合菌的浸矿机制还不是很明确,因此,为了更好地利用生物冶金技术,应加强有关混合菌的研究,以便能控制混合菌的组成和活性,使生物浸出过程达到最优化。

Biohydrometallurgy involves diversified microorganisms and up to now, bacteria of 13 genera are reported to have relation with bioleaching of metal sulfides. The bioleaching of metal sulfides can involve three mechanisms, namely, indirect bioleaching, contact bioleaching and cooperative bioleaching, with the indirect bioleaching following two functional pathways ： thiosulfate and polysulfide. Though bacterial mixture bioleaching offers many advantages over that of using a single bacterium, it also has some unfavorable effects and its bioleaching mechanism is.not very clear now. Therefore, to better utilize biohydrometallurgy technology, research on bacterial mixtures should be intensified for controlling their composition and activity so as to optimize the biohydrometallurgical process.