黄瓜茎基腐病菌拮抗真菌的分离和筛选

Isolation and Screening of Antagonistic Fungi against Pathogen Causing the Basal Stem Rot of Cucumber

[目的]分离和筛选黄瓜茎基腐病菌的拮抗真菌。[方法]从病田土壤采集21个土壤标本,分离得到5种对瓜果腐霉、瓜类腐皮镰孢菌和立枯丝核菌有拮抗作用的拮抗菌,并进行温室盆栽防病试验。[结果]经鉴定,5种拮抗菌分属于长枝木霉、橘绿木霉、康氏木霉、哈慈木霉和绿色木霉,对瓜果腐霉、瓜类腐皮镰孢菌和立枯丝核菌的生长都有强烈的抑制作用。在人工接种条件下,5种拮抗菌对立枯丝核菌引起的茎基腐病的防效在60%以上,对瓜果腐霉引起的茎基腐病的防治效果差些。[结论]该研究筛选出的5种拮抗菌对瓜果腐霉、瓜类腐皮镰孢菌和立枯丝核菌引起的黄瓜茎基腐病均有一定的防效。

[Objective] The purpose of the study was to isolate and screen antagonistic fungi against pathogen causing the basal stem rot of cucumber, [Method] Twenty-one soil samples were collected from the diseased field, Five antagonistic fungi with antagonistic effect on Pythium aphanidermatum. Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani were isolated and the experiment on controlling the disease by pot culture in greenhouse was conducted. [Result] The identification showed that the 5 antagonistic fungi belonged to Trichoderma longibrachlatum. T, Citrinoviride, T, koningii, T, harzianum and T. viride, and had intense inhibition effects on the growths of P, aphanidermatum, F. solani and R, solani. Under the condition of manual inoculation, the control effects of 5 antagonistic fungi on the basal stem rot caused by R, solani were over 60% and that were worse on the basal stem rot caused by P, aphanidermatum, [Conclusion] Five antagonistic fungi were screened out in the research and had some control effects on the basal stem rot of cucumber caused by P. aphanidermatum, F. solani and R. solani.