几种重楼属植物花药开裂和关闭现象的研究

Observation on the Anther Opening and Closing Phenomena of Several Species of Paris Genus

[目的]为重楼的栽培、育种以及植物传粉生物学研究提供基础资料。[方法]观察6种重楼属植物的花药开裂和关闭现象并测定花药旁的温度、湿度和光照。[结果]禄劝花叶重楼、大理重楼、滇重楼和多叶重楼的花药开裂相对较早,海南重楼和高平重楼相对较晚。海南重楼和高平重楼的花药关闭早于禄劝花叶重楼、大理重楼、滇重楼和多叶重楼约1 h。海南重楼、高平重楼、大理重楼和滇重楼花药开裂和关闭的持续时间较长,禄劝花叶重楼和多叶重楼的持续时间较短。重楼属植物的花药开裂和关闭过程与光照和温度在一天中的变化呈正相关,与空气相对湿度呈负相关。[结论]重楼属植物的花药随着气温的升高和空气相对湿度的降低逐渐开裂,重楼花药开裂和关闭的持续时间与花药的大小有关。

[Objective] The study aimed to supply basic data for the cultivation, breeding and research on plant pollination biology of Paris. [Method] The anther opening and closing phenomena of 6 species of Paris genus were observed and the temperature, humidity and illumination near the anther were determined. [Result] The anther openings of Paris iuquanensis H. Li, Paris daliensis H. Li et V. G. Soukoup, Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis （Franch） Hand.-Mazz and Paris polyphylla Smith in Rees were relatively earlier and that of Paris dunniana Levl and Paris caobangensis Y. H. Ji, H. Li ＆ Z. K. Zhou were relatively later. The anther closings of P. dunniana and P. caobangensis were about 1 h earlier than that of P. iuquanensis, P. daliensis, P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis and P. polyphylla. The durations of anther opening and closing of P. dunniana, P. caobangensis, P. daliensis and P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis were longer and that of P. iuquanensis and P. polyphylla were shorter. The anther opening and closing course of paris genus showed positive correlation with the variation of illumination and temperature in a day and negative correlation with relative air humidity. [Conclusion] The anthers of paris genus opened gradnally along with the ascending of air temperature and the descending of relative air humidity. The durations of paris anther opening and closing related to the size of anther.