我国城市化过程中实施耕地占补平衡的问题与对策

Challenge and Choice for the Farmland Occupation-Compensation Balance in the Urbanization Process in China

耕地占补平衡政策是控制我国城市化过程中耕地过快流失的重要手段,应该坚持,但该政策在实施过程中也存在诸多问题。为了更好地保护耕地资源,应从认识、制度、技术等方面提出建立耕地占补平衡的长效机制。耕地占补平衡只是一种补救措施,保护耕地的最好办法是严格控制耕地的占用。应加大对土地整理的投入,提高耕地质量。建立土地监测系统,实时监控耕地的变化,切实遏制非法和超标占用。

Urbanization has been one of the most important characteristics of global development. The rapid development of urbanization in China leads to the great expansion of urban land use, resulting in considerable loss of fertile arable land. To protect the arable land resources and to control the encroachment of urban land into farmland,China government has implemented the policy of occupation-compensation balance for arable land since 1999.This policy requires that farmland transferred to non-agricultural use must be fully compensated by land reclamation or land consolidation.In this paper the roles of this policy in controlling the rapid loss of arable land and identified problems associated with the policy enforcement were discussed. Regarding the farmland protection, three suggestions were given： to put more emphasis on the preservation and improvement of farmland quality, e. g., the strict control of farmland conversion to non-agricultural use,and the prevention and control of soil pollution;to develop/improve the land use policy;and to strengthen management of the specific fee for land reclamation/consolidation and establish evaluation indicators for the newly opened farmlands to compensate the occupation. In addition, we should improve the land monitoring system as to be able timely monitoring the farmland change,and thus to prevent illegal or excessive non-agricultural occupation of farmlnad.