采收期对猕猴桃果实品质及其耐贮性的影响

Effect of Harvest Date on Fruit Quality and Storage Duration of Kiwifruit

选用‘海沃德’猕猴桃为试验材料，对8个不同采收期（盛花后151、155、159、163、167、171、175和179d，采收Ⅰ～Ⅷ期）猕猴桃果实在（0±1）℃冷藏过程中的生理生化变化进行比较。结果显示：（1）采收Ⅰ、Ⅱ期果实采收时具有较高的硬度、淀粉含量和可滴定酸含量，可溶性固形物含量则低于6％，贮藏期间出现的呼吸高峰和乙烯释放高峰均比其它采收期高；采收Ⅶ、Ⅷ期果实采收时硬度明显低于前面的采收期，淀粉含量和可滴定酸含量降低，可溶性固形物含量达到8％以上，贮藏期间乙烯释放速率高峰比其它采收期提前10d，果实衰老过程明显提前；（2）入贮150d后，采收Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅶ和Ⅷ期果实的失重率差异不显著，采收Ⅰ期与采收Ⅷ期果实的腐烂率差异不显著，但均与其它采收期存在显著差异。研究发现，盛花后第159～171天采收猕猴桃，果实采收时的可溶性固形物含量在6．5％以上，贮藏120d后与其它采收期相比仍保持相对较高的硬度、淀粉含量、Vc含量和可滴定酸含量，而且贮藏150d后失重率和腐烂率都比较低，表明该期间为“海沃德”猕猴桃的适宜采收期。

The fruits of the ‘Hayward＇ kiwifruit （Actinidia chinensis） were used to study the effects of eight harvest dates which were picked at 151,155,159,163,167,171,175 and 179 d after full bloom （DAFB, Ⅰ～Ⅷ） and stored in （0±1）℃ on the fruit physiological and bio-chemical characteristics. The results showed that：（1） The fruits of harvest Ⅰ and Ⅱ had high firmness,starch content and titratable acid, and the soluble solid content was less than 6 %, the respiration rate and ethylene production rate were higher than the other harvests ; The fruit firmness of harvest Ⅶ and Ⅷ was lower than that of other harvests,so were starch content and titratable acid, but the soluble solid content was more than 8%. These two harvests reached the summit of ethylene production rate were 10 d less than that of other harvests. The fruit senile process is ahead of time obviously. （2）The weight loss ratio of harvest Ⅰ , Ⅱ, Ⅶ and Ⅷ did not differ significantly. The rotted ratio of harvest Ⅰ and Ⅷ also did not differ significantly,but the two harvests did differ significantly than the other harvests after storing 150 d. The soluble solid content of harvest Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ and Ⅵ were beyond 6.5 %,and the fruit firmness, starch content, Vc content and titratable acid content kept high level in kiwifruit after storing 120 d,and they had low weight loss ratio and rotted ratio after storing 150 d. The results indicated that these days were suitable for harvesting.