大鼠实验中几种常用的采血方法探讨

Several experiments in rat blood collection methods commonly used

目的探讨大鼠采血方法，提高大鼠实验的成功率。方法采用SD大鼠300只进行采血。腹主动脉采血法：在腹主动脉分叉处向心端1～3mm处为最佳穿刺点。眼眶后静脉丛的采血法：垂直插入内眦并向眼底方向转动以便切开静脉丛。心脏穿刺采血方法：剑突下，以角度25°～30°斜行向上进针刺人皮下，针尖穿过横膈膜继续斜行刺入2．5～3．0cm。尾尖采血方法：手术剪剪去尾尖5～10mm。颈静脉法：第4肋骨水平方向刺人皮肤，向颈静脉进针，胸部表面成角度30°～40°向颈静脉刺入，刺入的深度约5mm。结果腹主动脉采血法：腹主动脉采血78次，成功73次，成功率93．6％。眼眶后静脉丛的采血法：眼眶后静脉丛的采血法成功率89．9％。心脏穿刺采血法成功率82．4％。尾尖采血法成功率94．4％。颈静脉法成功率80．9％。结论腹主动脉采血法适用于取血量大、不易溶血，不损伤器官，不会出现因操作不当造成的气栓与瘀血，有利于病理组织学检查。几种方法各有优缺点，各有注意事项。应根据自己的实验设计和要求来选择不同的采血方式。

Objective To summary some blood collection methods and experience of the rats, and improve the succeed rate of experimental rats. Methods Total 300 SD rats were used. Abdominal aortic approach： the best puncture point was the abdominal aortic bifurcation 1 - 3 mm towards the heart. Posterior orbital venous plexus approach ： vertical insertion fundus of the inner canthus to the rotational direction to open venous plexus. Cardiac puncture approach： in the bottom ensisternum with 25°- 30° angle oblique upward the needle into the skin, the needle through the diaphragm continue oblique prick into 2.5 - 3.0 cm. Tail end approach： surgical scissors removed 5 - 10 ram. Jugular approach： the level of the fourth rib direction prick into skin, needling to the jugular vein, chest surface into 30°-40° angle to the jugular vein thorn income prick into the depth of about 5 mm. Results The achievement ratio of above approach were 93.6% （73/78）, 89.9% , 82.4% , 94.4% and 80.9% respectively. Conclusion A large blood volume could be got by abdominal aortic approach, which with less haemolysis and not hurt organs. But each approach owns advantage and flaws, the selective principle should be based on experimental require.