《史记》纪传体中的求真

On truth seeking in Shiji's JIZHUANTI

纪传体成为《史记》求真的重要途径。从篇目的设置、篇目的内部组织以至篇目之间的编次,都能发现司马迁求真的思想。他清楚事实之真和观念之真的区别,并主张二者相符。道德对于人生、历史的作用,是司马迁求真的重要内容。从《史记》纪传体来看,他既强调失德对命运的危害,又否定道德能为人生带来正面的回报。他认为,上古至三代的政权转移取决于帝王的道德臧否,而春秋战国时期道德对政权转移不起关键性的作用。

JIZHUANTI became an important way to seek for truth of Shiji, which could be found from the settings and constitutions of articles, even from their orders. He knew the differences between the truth of fact and the truth of idea and he did his best to bring them into accord. The function of morality on life and history became important contents of Sima Qiang see- king for truth. He emphasized harms of moral corruption to destiny, but denied that morality could do good to life. He thought that the political transformations of ancient times lay on the kings＂ morality. But morality would not be the key factor in the transformation of political powers in the Spring and Autumn Period and Warrior State Period.